![]() Despite the severity of this incident, it had taken the FDA 16 years before it first issued, in 1987, guidelines directly addressing the problem of chiral 1 February 2014 / Vol. As it tragically turned out, only one enantiomer of thalidomide had the intended therapeutic effect, while the other was extremely teratogenic causing severe birth defects in thousands of newborn babies. This notorious medication was prescribed to pregnant women to alleviate morning sickness during early pregnancy. The best known example of toxicity of a chiral drug is thalidomide. This difference can become crucial in the pharmaceutical industry, where only one enantiomer of a drug may have the desired therapeutic activity while the other can be ineffective or even highly toxic. Enantiomers also interact differently with biological stereospecific molecules. While one enantiomer rotates the electric field vector of a polarized light clockwise, the other rotates it counterclockwise 1559-128X/14/040577-11$15.00/0 © 2014 Optical Society of America by the same angle. Enantiomers have identical physicochemical characteristics except for the interaction with polarized light. The accurate measurement of the concentration of chiral molecules is required in many applications, such as the synthesis of organic molecules where the outcome of a reaction is a mixture of both enantiomers in a 1∶1 ratio called a racemate. Introduction Chiral molecules are pairs of molecules (also called enantiomers or optical isomers) in which one is the non-superimposable mirror image of the other. © 2014 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (260.5430) Polarization (120.5410) Polarimetry (120.3890) Medical optics instrumentation. The need for such a polarimeter, its optical setup, analysis of its performance, and experimental results are hereby given and discussed. The polarimeter is intended to serve as an add-on detector for existing high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems in the pharmaceutical industry. The current limit of detection of the polarimeter is ∼20 micro-degrees, which we believe can be lowered further. The patented referencing mechanism allows accurate measurements of small ORs in the presence of considerable polarization noise. The new polarimeter is a compact device, based on a combination of two novel mechanisms: a referencing mechanism and an optical signal-gain mechanism. Here we describe a novel type of high-resolution OR polarimeter. Such polarimeters are used to detect optically active materials and measure their concentration. ID 199528) published 24 January 2014 Optical rotation (OR) polarimeters measure only the OR of a linearly polarized wave vector caused by the optical activity of the measured material. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel 3 EE department, Faculty of Engineering, Shenkar College of Engineering & Design, 12 Anne Frank St., Ramat Gan 52526, Israel *Corresponding author: Received 18 October 2013 accepted 10 December 2013 posted 20 December 2013 (Doc. Upper Galilee 12208, Israel 2 MIGAL, Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Compact, high-resolution, self-referenced, optical activity polarimeter for high-pressure liquid chromatography systems Doron Goldberg1,2 and Zeev Weissman3,* 1 Faculty of Science and Technology, Tel Hai Academic College, D.N.
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